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Forum URL: http://www.cut-the-knot.org/cgi-bin/dcforum/forumctk.cgi
Forum Name: High school
Topic ID: 146
#0, perpendicular st.lines-their slopes
Posted by kesavan7777 on Mar-22-02 at 08:51 AM
It is a well known fact that product of slopes of two perpendicular lines is -1. Now my question is the above fact should also hold good for x and y axes since they are perpendicular to each other. However it is not so. Because slope of x axis = 0
slope of y axis = 0

What is the explanation?

R.Kesavan.
kesavan7777@yahoo.com


#1, RE: perp st. lines-their slopes
Posted by alexb on Mar-22-02 at 09:18 AM
In response to message #0
>It is a well known fact that product of slopes of two
>perpendicular lines is -1.

What is, perhaps, less known is that that condition was derived under the assumption that none of the two slopes is 0, which obviates your question.

All forms of line equations that have slope in them embed an inherent limitation. E.g., the slope-intercept form: y = mx + b does not make sense for vertical lines.

Lines in the plane are more universally described by vectors normal or parallel to their direction. E.g. r = ta + r0, where the bold letters stand for vectors, t is a parameter, describes the line through the endpoint of vector r0 parallel to vector a. The later plays the role of the slope. Let's call it vector-slope. The vector-slope could be scaled without changing the line. If the line is not vertical, its vector-slope could be taken to be a = (a, 1), where a is the regular (scalar) slope.

The lines are perpendicular if their vector-slopes, say (a1, a2) and (b1, b2), are perpendicular: a1·b1 + a2·b2 = 0.

For non-vertical lines (with slopes (a1, 1) and (b1, 1)) this reduces to a1·b1 + 1·1 = 0, which is the statement you made a reference to.

Vertical lines are parallel to vectors (0, b), horizontal ones to vectors (a, 0). These are of course perpendicular. However, the condition of their normality is not expressible in terms of scalar slopes.


#2, RE: perp st. lines-their slopes
Posted by diggerdan on Apr-12-02 at 12:16 PM
In response to message #1
I am not sure why kesavan7777 thinks the slope of the y axis is zero. The equation y=mx+a reduces to y=b for horizontal lines and to x=c for vertical lines.
The slope of the x axis is the limit of e/1 as e tends to zero.
The slope of the y axis is the limit of 1/(-e) as e tends to zero.
The product of these two slopes is -1 as e tends to zero.